What Causes Cysts in Dogs: Understanding Canine Cyst Formation

Jun 11, 2025 - By the dedicated team of editors and writers at Newsletter Station.

As a dog owner, it's essential to monitor your furry friend's health and well-being. One common health issue that can affect dogs is the development of cysts. Cysts in dogs can be a cause for concern, but understanding what causes them can help you better manage your pet's health.

In this blog post, we'll explore the various factors that can lead to cyst formation in dogs and how to address them.

What Are Cysts?

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets that can develop in various parts of a dog's body. They can vary in size, shape, and location. Cysts are generally benign and may not cause any immediate harm to your dog, but they can be uncomfortable or painful if they grow too large or become infected. It's crucial to monitor any cysts and consult your veterinarian if you notice any changes in your dog's health.

Common Types of Cysts in Dogs

Several types of cysts can develop in dogs. The most common ones include:

Sebaceous Cysts:
These cysts form in the sebaceous glands, which produce oil to keep the skin and coat healthy. Sebaceous cysts typically appear as raised, firm lumps beneath the skin. They can become inflamed, rupture, or get infected if left untreated.
Follicular Cysts:
Follicular cysts occur when hair follicles become blocked, accumulating fluid or debris. They often appear as small, pimple-like bumps on the skin and can be itchy or painful.
Epidermoid Cysts:
Epidermoid cysts develop from the skin's outer layer and contain a thick, cheese-like substance. These cysts are typically slow-growing and may not cause symptoms unless they become infected.
Apocrine Gland Cysts:
Apocrine gland cysts in the sweat glands can sometimes produce a foul-smelling discharge. They may appear as soft, fluctuating masses under the skin.
Perianal Gland Tumors:
These cysts develop around a dog's anal area and can sometimes be mistaken for cysts. However, they are more likely to be tumors and should be evaluated by a veterinarian.

What Causes Cysts in Dogs?

The exact cause of cysts in dogs can vary depending on the type of cyst. However, some common factors that can contribute to cyst formation include:

Genetics:
Certain breeds may have a genetic predisposition to developing specific types of cysts. For example, poodles are more prone to sebaceous cysts, while Labrador Retrievers may be more susceptible to follicular cysts.
Hormonal Imbalances:
Hormonal fluctuations can lead to the development of cysts in dogs. This is especially true for intact female dogs, who can experience hormonal changes during their estrus cycle.
Trauma:
Trauma to the skin or underlying tissues can trigger cyst formation. Sometimes, a dog may develop a cyst as a protective response to an injury or foreign body.
Blocked Hair Follicles:
Blocked hair follicles can result from poor grooming practices, skin allergies, or the accumulation of debris. When hair follicles become blocked, they can lead to the development of follicular or sebaceous cysts.
Age:
Cysts are more common in older dogs, as aging can affect the skin and its associated structures.

Treatment and Management

The treatment and management of cysts in dogs depend on your pet's type, size, location, and overall health. In some cases, your veterinarian may recommend surgical removal of the cyst if it is causing discomfort, increasing in size, or has become infected. Other treatment options may include draining the cyst or using antibiotics if an infection occurs.

It's essential to consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan if you suspect your dog has a cyst. Attempting to remove or treat a cyst at home can lead to complications and should be avoided.

Cysts in dogs can be a common occurrence, and while they are usually benign, they can cause discomfort or health issues if left untreated. Understanding the causes of cyst formation in dogs is crucial for early detection and appropriate treatment.

Regular check-ups with your veterinarian and proper grooming practices can help maintain your dog's skin health and reduce the risk of cyst development. Always consult your veterinarian for guidance on managing cysts and ensuring your furry friend's well-being.

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