Common Reasons for a Toothache

1. Dental Cavities
   Dental cavities, also known as caries or tooth decay, are one of the leading causes of toothaches. They occur when bacteria in your mouth produce acids that erode the enamel, the protective outer layer of your teeth. As the enamel wears away, it exposes the sensitive inner layers of the tooth, leading to pain and discomfort. Treating cavities typically involves removing the decayed portion and filling the tooth with a dental filling.
2. Gum Disease
   Gum diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, can also result in toothaches. These conditions occur due to the buildup of plaque and tartar on your teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and infection. The infection can spread to the roots of your teeth, causing pain and sensitivity. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups, can help prevent and treat gum disease.
3. Tooth Fractures
   A cracked or fractured tooth can be excruciatingly painful. Teeth can become fractured from various causes, such as biting down on complex objects, grinding teeth, or experiencing a traumatic injury to the mouth. The severity of the fracture determines the treatment required, which can range from bonding or crowns for minor fractures to root canals or extractions for more severe cases.
4. Tooth Sensitivity
   Tooth sensitivity is a common issue that can lead to occasional toothaches. It occurs when the underlying dentin layer becomes exposed due to enamel erosion or gum recession. Sensitivity can be triggered by hot or cold foods and beverages, sweet or acidic substances, and even cold air. Using toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth and maintaining good oral hygiene can help alleviate this discomfort.
5. Impacted Wisdom Teeth
   Wisdom teeth, known as third molars, typically erupt in late adolescence or early adulthood. However, they often don't have enough space to emerge correctly, leading to impaction. Impacted wisdom teeth can cause pain, swelling, and pressure in the back of the mouth. Dentists may recommend removing impacted wisdom teeth to alleviate the discomfort and prevent further complications.
6. Dental Abscess
   A dental abscess is a severe infection that can lead to throbbing and constant pain. It usually develops when bacteria invade a tooth's pulp or surrounding gum tissue. Left untreated, dental abscesses can lead to serious complications. Treatment may involve draining the abscess, a root canal, or tooth extraction.
7. Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
   Bruxism, or teeth grinding, can cause toothaches and various dental problems. Many people grind their teeth unconsciously, especially during sleep. Over time, this can wear down the enamel, lead to tooth sensitivity, and result in toothaches. Dentists often recommend custom mouthguards to protect the teeth from the effects of bruxism.