What to Do If You Think You're Having a Heart Attack

Recognizing Heart Attack Symptoms

A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, leading to potential damage from lack of oxygen. The symptoms can vary widely, and quick identification is crucial. Common signs include chest pain or discomfort that lasts or returns, pain spreading to arms, back, neck, jaw, or upper stomach, shortness of breath, cold sweats, nausea, dizziness, and unusual fatigue—especially in women. Because symptoms differ among people, especially women, older adults, and those with diabetes, it’s important not to overlook any warning signs.

Immediate Actions to Take

If you or someone else shows signs of a heart attack, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. Don’t wait to see if symptoms go away on their own. Emergency responders can start treatment quickly, increasing the chance of limiting heart damage.

Only take aspirin if recommended by emergency personnel or your healthcare provider, and if you’re not allergic or advised otherwise. Chewing a regular-strength or low-dose aspirin during a suspected heart attack can help prevent blood clots while awaiting care.

While waiting for emergency services, sit or lie down comfortably, loosen tight clothing, and keep calm. Avoid exertion and focus on slow, steady breathing. Having someone stay with you is vital—they can monitor symptoms, help unlock doors for responders, provide medical details, and assist if conditions worsen.

Never drive yourself to the hospital unless absolutely necessary. Ambulances have life-saving equipment and trained staff who can begin treatment en route and respond if your condition deteriorates.

Preventing Heart Attacks

Understanding and managing risk factors helps reduce your chance of a heart attack. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, inactivity, stress, and family history. Regular medical checkups and a healthy lifestyle are key steps to prevention.

Ultimately, a heart attack is a medical emergency that requires fast, decisive action. Recognizing symptoms, seeking immediate help, and staying as calm as possible can make a critical difference for survival and recovery.